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student:java:localization [2018/08/16 10:46] – bernstdhstudent:java:localization [2022/05/03 14:12] – bernstdh
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-Java has a [[ http://docs.oracle.com/javase/9/docs/api/java/util/Locale.html |  java.util.Locale | ]] class that   encapsulates the identifying attributes of a locale.  These   attributes include a //language// (defined in   [[ http://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/code_list.php | ISO   639 ]]), a //script// or writing system (defined in   [[ http://unicode.org/iso15924/iso15924-codes.html | ISO   15924 ]]), a //country// or region (defined in   [[ https://www.iso.org/iso-3166-country-codes.html | ISO 3166 ]]),   and a //variant// (defined in   [[ https://tools.ietf.org/html/bcp47 | IETF BCP47 ]]) like   Canadian French or Swiss German.+Java has a [[ http://docs.oracle.com/javase/9/docs/api/java/util/Locale.html |  java.util.Locale ]] class that   encapsulates the identifying attributes of a locale.  These   attributes include a //language// (defined in   [[ http://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/code_list.php | ISO   639 ]]), a //script// or writing system (defined in   [[ http://unicode.org/iso15924/iso15924-codes.html | ISO   15924 ]]), a //country// or region (defined in   [[ https://www.iso.org/iso-3166-country-codes.html | ISO 3166 ]]),   and a //variant// (defined in   [[ https://tools.ietf.org/html/bcp47 | IETF BCP47 ]]) like   Canadian French or Swiss German.
  
  
-When the Java Virtual Machine is started it determines   the ''%%Locale%%'' of the processor it is running on. This   information can be obtained from within a program using the   [[ http://docs.oracle.com/javase/9/docs/api/java/util/Locale.html#getDefault() |  java.util.Locale#getDefault() | ]] method.+When the Java Virtual Machine is started it determines   the ''%%Locale%%'' of the processor it is running on. This   information can be obtained from within a program using the   [[ http://docs.oracle.com/javase/9/docs/api/java/util/Locale.html#getDefault() |  java.util.Locale#getDefault() ]] method.
  
  
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-The Java Virtual Machine can be provided with the information is   should use to identify the ''%%Locale%%'' when it is started   using the ''%%-Duser.country%%''   and ''%%-Duser.language%%'' options. For example, when   executing an application named ''%%Test%%'' in the United   States one could tell the JVM to use the ''%%Locale%%'' for   Canadian French as follows: +The Java Virtual Machine can be provided with the information is   should use to identify the ''%%Locale%%'' when it is started   using the ''%%-Duser.country%%''   and ''%%-Duser.language%%'' options. For example, when   executing an application named ''%%Test%%'' in the United   States one could tell the JVM to use the ''%%Locale%%'' for  Canadian French using the following virtual machine (VM) options:
  
 <code> <code>
-java -Duser.country=CA -Duser.language=fr Test+-Duser.country=CA -Duser.language=fr
 </code> </code>
  
-It is also possible to change the ''%%Locale%%'' inside of a   program using   the [[ http://docs.oracle.com/javase/9/docs/api/java/util/Locale.html#setDefault(java.util.Locale) |  java.util.Locale#setDefault(java.util.Locale) | ]]   method.+They can be passed to the VM from the command line when executing the ''%%java%%'' command. (Note: When using PowerShell, the arguments must be enclosed in double-quotes.) All IDEs also have a way of passing options to the VM (e.g., in Eclipse as part of the "Run Configuration"; in jGRASP as "RUN Arguments"). 
 + 
 + 
 +It is also possible to change the ''%%Locale%%'' inside of a   program using   the [[ http://docs.oracle.com/javase/9/docs/api/java/util/Locale.html#setDefault(java.util.Locale) |  java.util.Locale#setDefault(java.util.Locale) ]]   method.
  
  
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-Some people/companies approach the localization of terminology as a   problem in machine translation but most use a simple mapping (and   rely on human translators to do the hard work of translation). Java   provides a [[ http://docs.oracle.com/javase/9/docs/api/java/util/ResourceBundle.html |  java.util.ResourceBundle | ]] class for   working which such mappings. To use it, one creates a file   containing a mapping between keys (in the programmer’s language) and   values (in the target language). Each key is, essentially,   a ''%%String%%'' literal that appears in the user interface   (e.g., "File", "Open", etc…).  One mapping is created for each   language, **including the programmer’s language**. The   appropriate mapping is then loaded (based on   the ''%%Locale%%'') and is used everywhere   a ''%%String%%'' literal would otherwise be used.+Some people/companies approach the localization of terminology as a   problem in machine translation but most use a simple mapping (and   rely on human translators to do the hard work of translation). Java   provides a [[ http://docs.oracle.com/javase/9/docs/api/java/util/ResourceBundle.html |  java.util.ResourceBundle ]] class for   working which such mappings. To use it, one creates a file   containing a mapping between keys (in the programmer’s language) and   values (in the target language). Each key is, essentially,   a ''%%String%%'' literal that appears in the user interface   (e.g., "File", "Open", etc…).  One mapping is created for each   language, **including the programmer’s language**. The   appropriate mapping is then loaded (based on   the ''%%Locale%%'') and is used everywhere   a ''%%String%%'' literal would otherwise be used.
  
  
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-There are versions of the ''%%printf()%%''     and ''%%format()%%'' methods in     the [[ http://docs.oracle.com/javase/9/docs/api/java/io/PrintStream.html |  java.io.PrintStream | ]] class that are     a ''%%Locale%%'' object and use it to determine the     appropriate formatting for numbers. The versions that are not     passed a ''%%Locale%%'' simply call the versions that are,     passing the default ''%%Locale%%''. Hence, if one uses these     methods one need not make any special accommodations to handle     locales.+There are versions of the ''%%printf()%%'' method in  the [[ http://docs.oracle.com/javase/9/docs/api/java/io/PrintStream.html |  java.io.PrintStream ]] class and and ''%%format()%%'' in the [[ http://docs.oracle.com/javase/9/docs/api/java/lang/String.html |  java.lang.String ]] class that are     a ''%%Locale%%'' object and use it to determine the     appropriate formatting for numbers. The versions that are not     passed a ''%%Locale%%'' simply call the versions that are,     passing the default ''%%Locale%%''. Hence, if one uses these     methods one need not make any special accommodations to handle     locales.
  
  
-There is also a [[ http://docs.oracle.com/javase/9/docs/api/java/text/NumberFormat.html |  java.text.NumberFormat | ]] class     that provides even more flexibility, though it is less convenient.+There is also a [[ http://docs.oracle.com/javase/9/docs/api/java/text/NumberFormat.html |  java.text.NumberFormat ]] class     that provides even more flexibility, though it is less convenient.
  
  
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-The [[ http://docs.oracle.com/javase/9/docs/api/java/text/DateFormat.html |  java.text.DateFormat | ]] class has     a ''%%format()%%'' method that can be used to format dates in     a variety of ways. It can be used to     create ''%%SHORT%%'', ''%%MEDIUM%%'', ''%%LONG%%''     and ''%%FULL%%'' representations.+The [[ http://docs.oracle.com/javase/9/docs/api/java/text/DateFormat.html |  java.text.DateFormat ]] class has     a ''%%format()%%'' method that can be used to format dates in     a variety of ways. It can be used to     create ''%%SHORT%%'', ''%%MEDIUM%%'', ''%%LONG%%''     and ''%%FULL%%'' representations.
  
  
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   * [[ https://docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/i18n/ | Localization/Internationalization in Java ]]   * [[ https://docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/i18n/ | Localization/Internationalization in Java ]]
   * [[ http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/articles/javase/locale-140624.html |    * [[ http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/articles/javase/locale-140624.html | 
-  Understanding ''%%Locale%%'' ]]+  Understanding Locale ]]
   * [[ https://docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/i18n/text/shapedDigits.html |    * [[ https://docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/i18n/text/shapedDigits.html | 
   Using Different Number-Writing Systems ]]   Using Different Number-Writing Systems ]]